KIR2DL5: An orphan inhibitory receptor displaying complex patterns of polymorphism and expression
Entity
UAM. Departamento de MedicinaPublisher
Frontiers Research FoundationDate
2012-12-01Citation
10.3389/fimmu.2012.00289
Frontiers in Immunology 3 (2012): 289
ISSN
1664-3224DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2012.00289Funded by
Research on KIR2DL5 was supported by successive grants from the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Plan Nacional de ICD, including SAF2010-22153-C03Project
Gobierno de España. SAF2010-22153-C03Editor's Version
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00289Subjects
Gene polymorphism; Human NK cells; Inhibitory receptors; KIR; NK cell receptors; Transcription; MedicinaNote
This Document is Protected by copyright and was first published by Frontiers. All rights reserved. it is reproduced with permissionRights
© 2012 Cisneros, Moraru, Gómez-Lozano, López-Botetand and VilchesAbstract
A recently developed anti-KIR2DL5 (CD158f) antibody has demonstrated KIR2DL5 expression
on the surface of NK andT lymphocytes, making it the last functional KIR identified in
the human genome. KIR2DL5 belongs to an ancestral lineage of KIR with Ig-like domains
of the D0-D2 type, of which KIR2DL4, an HLA-G receptor, is the only other human member.
Despite KIR2DL4 and KIR2DL5 being encoded by genes with similar domain usage,
several KIR2DL5 functions resemble more closely those of KIR recognizing classical HLA
class I molecules – surface-expressed KIR2DL5 inhibits NK cells through the SHP-2 phosphatase
and displays a clonal distribution on NK andT lymphocytes. No activating homolog
of KIR2DL5 has been described in any species.The genetics of KIR2DL5 is complicated by
duplication of its gene in an ancestor of modern humans living s1.7 million years ago. Both
KIR2DL5 paralogs have undergone allelic diversification; the centromeric gene is most
often represented by alleles whose expression is silenced epigenetically through DNA
methylation, thus providing a natural system to investigate the regulation of KIR transcription.
The role of KIR2DL5 in immunity is not completely understood, in spite of different
attempts to define its ligand. Here we revisit the most relevant characteristics of KIR2DL5,
an NK-cell receptor possessing a unique combination of genetic, structural, and functional
features
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Google Scholar:Cisneros, Elisa
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Moraru, Manuela
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Gómez-Lozano, Natalia
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Lopez-Botet, Miguel
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Vilches Ruiz, Blas Carlos
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