Systematic review: The gut microbiome and its potential clinical application in inflammatory bowel disease
Entity
UAM. Departamento de Medicina; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP)Publisher
MDPI, Basel, SwitzerlandDate
2021-04-30Citation
10.3390/microorganisms9050977
Microorganisms 9.5 (2021): 977
ISSN
2076-2607DOI
10.3390/microorganisms9050977Funded by
This work is supported by Sara Borrell contract CD19/00247 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) to L.A.-G.Editor's Version
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050977Subjects
Biomarkers; Crohn’s disease; Gutmicrobiome; Inflammatory bowel disease; Ulcerative colitis; MedicinaRights
© 2021 The authorsAbstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract. It is well established that the gut microbiome has a profound impact on IBD pathogenesis. Our aim was to systematically review the literature on the IBD gut microbiome and its usefulness to provide microbiome-based biomarkers. A systematic search of the online bibliographic database PubMed from inception to August 2020 with screening in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. One-hundred and forty-four papers were eligible for inclusion. There was a wide heterogeneity in microbiome analysis methods or experimental design. The IBD intestinal microbiome was generally characterized by reduced species richness and diversity, and lower temporal stability, while changes in the gut microbiome seemed to play a pivotal role in determining the onset of IBD. Multiple studies have identified certain microbial taxa that are enriched or depleted in IBD, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. The two main features in this sense are the decrease in beneficial bacteria and the increase in pathogenic bacteria. Significant differences were also present between remission and relapse IBD status. Shifts in gut microbial community composition and abundance have proven to be valuable as diagnostic biomarkers. The gut microbiome plays a major role in IBD, yet studies need to go from casualty to causality. Longitudinal designs including newly diagnosed treatment-naïve patients are needed to provide insights into the role of microbes in the onset of intestinal inflammation. A better understanding of the human gut microbiome could provide innovative targets for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and even cure of this relevant disease.
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Google Scholar:Aldars-García, Laila
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Chaparro Sánchez, María
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Pérez Gisbert, Francisco Javier
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