Nuevos métodos de extracción y fraccionamiento de carbohidratos bioactivos
Author
Ruiz Aceituno, LauraEntity
UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada; CSIC. Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG)Date
2015-11-27Subjects
Hidratos de carbono - Tesis doctorales; Física; QuímicaNote
Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física Aplicada. Fecha de lectura: 27-11-2015Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional.
Abstract
The extraction of bioactive carbohydrates, such as inositols and prebiotics, from
natural sources is of great interest for their use as food ingredients due to the benefits they
represent to consumers' health. These compounds are involved in several biological
processes related with metabolic disorders or inducing changes in gut microbiota. The
potential use of these bioactive ingredients from the food and / or pharmaceutical industry
makes that the search for new extraction alternatives, more effective and advantageous
than the available ones, gains an increasing importance.
Therefore, the main objective of this PhD dissertation is the development of new
methods for the extraction and selective fractionation of bioactive carbohydrates (inositol
and prebiotics).
To achieve this goal, two main research lines have been addressed: (i) the
evaluation of the use of new solvents (ionic liquids, ILs) for the selective fractionation of
carbohydrates based on their chemical structure, and (ii) the development of new methods
of extraction and enrichment of bioactive carbohydrates from natural matrices.
First of all, it was necessary to develop a derivatization method that allows the
analysis of low molecular weight carbohydrates (LMWC) dissolved in ILs by gas
chromatography (GC). The optimized and validated method proved to be effective for this
purpose, being this the first time that carbohydrates dissolved in ILs are analyzed by this
technique. Subsequently, and due to the scarce data published so far in the literature on the
solubility of LMWC in ILs, solubility studies of different monosaccharides, polyols,
disaccharides and trisaccharides in methyl-imidazolium based-ILs were carried out, and
these values were related to their chemical structure. ILs were found to be promising
solvents for the selective fractionation of aldoses and bioactive ketoses, such as lactose and
lactulose, as well as several polyols and other LMWC.
Prior to the development of extraction methods, significant advances in qualitative
and quantitative determination of the LMWC (particularly inositol and prebiotics) present
in different food matrices (pine nuts, vegetables, legumes) were carried out by GC-MS
after derivatization to their corresponding trimethylsylil oximes (TMSO). Different
carbohydrates were identified for the first time in these matrices.
In this thesis, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and microwave assisted
extraction (MAE) were selected to evaluate their efficiency in the extraction of bioactive
carbohydrates, as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages. The developed
PLE and MAE methods allowed to obtain greater yields of inositols than those achieved by
the conventional solid-liquid extraction method, using shorter extraction times and with a
lower solvent consumption. Moreover, the developed methods allowed, for the first time,
the simultaneous extraction of inositol and inulin from food industry by-products.
Finally, a biotechnological process based on the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
which allowed the removal of coexisting sugars in the extracts that might interfere with the
bioactivity of the carbohydrates of interest has been optimized.
The results described in this thesis represent a remarkable contribution to the study
of carbohydrates, as well as to the development of new ingredients and bioactive
supplements, which is a subject of great interest and scientific and economic impact
Files in this item
Google Scholar:Ruiz Aceituno, Laura
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Nuevos métodos de obtención y análisis de extractos vegetales enriquecidos en iminoazúcares bioactivos
Rodríguez Sánchez, Sonia
2015-09-25