Valorisation of grape stems as a source of phenolic antioxidants by using a sustainable extraction methodology
Entity
UAM. Departamento de Química Física AplicadaPublisher
MDPIDate
2020-05-01Citation
10.3390/foods9050604
Foods 9.5 (2020): 604
ISSN
2304-8158 (online)DOI
10.3390/foods9050604Funded by
Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (ALIBIRD, project number P2013/ABI2728)Project
Comunidad de Madrid. P2013/ABI-2728-ALIBIRD-CMEditor's Version
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050604Subjects
Grape Pomace; Antioxidant; Vitis; Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos; QuímicaRights
© 2020 by the authorsAbstract
Pressurized liquid extraction with ethanol:water mixtures was proposed for obtaining phenolic antioxidants from grape stems. The optimal extraction conditions were elucidated by using a central composite rotatable design (solvent (X1, 0–100% ethanol:water v/v), temperature (X2, 40–120 ◦C) and time (X3, 1–11 min)). Response surface methodology determined 30% ethanol:water, 120 ◦C and 10 min as the optimal extraction conditions regarding total phenolic content (TPC) (185.3 ± 2.9 mg gallic acid/g of extract) and antioxidant activity (3.55 ± 0.21 mmol Trolox/g, 1.22 ± 0.06 mmol Trolox/g and 1.48 ± 0.17 mmol Trolox/g of extract in ABTS, DPPH and ORAC methodologies, respectively). The antioxidant activity was attributed to total polymer procyanidins and flavan-3-ol monomers and oligomers, although other phenolic compound contributions should not be ruled out. Forty-two phenolic compounds were identified in the optimal extract, mainly polymer procyanidins and, to a lesser extent, monomers and oligomers of flavan-3-ols, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, ε-viniferin, gallic and caftaric acid. Ethyl gallate, ellagic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, delphinidin-7-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were reported for the first time in grape stem extracts. In conclusion, this study highlights the use of this winery side stream as a source of antioxidants within a sustainable food system.
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Google Scholar:Nieto, Juan Antonio
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Santoyo Díez, Susana
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Prodanov Prodanov, Marin
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Reglero Rada, Guillermo J.
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Jaime de Pablo, Laura
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