Luminescent microbial bioassays and microalgal biosensors as tools for environmental toxicity evaluation
Entity
UAM. Departamento de BiologíaPublisher
SpringerDate
2019-03-29Citation
10.1007/978-3-319-47405-2_89-1
Hurtado Gallego, J. " Luminescent Microbial Bioassays and Microalgal Biosensors as Tools for Environmental Toxicity Evaluation ". Handbook of Cell Biosensors. Eds. Ruth Kinna,Uri Gordon. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2019. 314-325
ISBN
978-3-319-47405-2 (print); 978-3-319-47405-2 (online)DOI
10.1007/978-3-319-47405-2_89-1Funded by
This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), grant CTM2016-74927-C2-2-RProject
Gobierno de España. CTM2016-74927-C2-2-RSubjects
Biología y Biomedicina / BiologíaRights
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AGAbstract
This chapter deals with toxicity bioassays and biosensors based on luminescent microorganisms
that report on global toxicity of a sample in such a way that luminescence is reduced or inhibited
in the presence of toxic compounds that impair metabolism. Both natural as well as recombinant
microorganisms are considered. A detailed description of their main characteristics and
environmental applications is reported. A few examples of bioassays for detecting oxidative
stress (both bioluminescent and fluorescent bioreporters) are also mentioned and discussed as
reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and subsequent oxidative stress if the antioxidant
defenses of the cells are surpassed is one of the main mechanisms of toxicity for most pollutants.
There is also a section dedicated to microalgal–based biosensors given their ecological relevance
as primary producers, their easiness of culture and immobilization in different matrices, ability
to acclimate to low nutrients conditions and ubiquity in aquatic environments. The most used
toxicity endpoints for this type of biosensors are the alteration of photosynthetic activity (optical
and amperometric biosensors) and the inhibition of enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase (APA)
or sterases (mostly conductometric biosensors). The main information is shown in tables that
include the microorganisms, their main characteristics (reporter gene systems, transducer types
for biosensors) and their main environmental applications as well as relevant references.
Although some of these bioassays have already been standardized by different international
organizations, there are still many which are also promising tools for environmental global
toxicity evaluation and should be fully validated and standardized for regulatory purposes
Files in this item
Google Scholar:Hurtado Gallego, Jara
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Pulido Reyes, Gerardo
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González Pleiter, Miguel
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Fernández Piñas, Francisca
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