Ambiente familiar, actividad física y sedentarismo en preadolescentes con obesidad infantil: Estudio ANOBAS de casos-controles

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviours in children with obesity and normal weight through accelerometer measures, and analyze the family environment related to physical activity. Design: Case-control study. Location: A health center and colleges of the Community of Madrid. Participants: A total of 50 obese children between 8 and 12 years of age (P > 97) and their mothers were matched by age, sex and socioeconomic status of their parents (1: 1) with 50 children with normopeso (GN; P < 85). Main measurements: Physical activity levels were measured by accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X), levels of physical activity of the primary caregiver were measured through physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the environment in relation to the physical activity was measured by the Home Environment Scale (HES-S). Results: The group GO showed less vigorous physical activity than their peers in the GN group. Vigorous physical activity in the GO group was associated with modeling and parental policies regarding physical activity. A multiple regression analysis revealed that 21% of the variance of weight status of children was explained by sex, vigorous physical activity and maternal body mass index. Conclusions: The levels of vigorous physical activity and the family environment differ between children with obesity and normal weight. Therefore, it is important to continue working on the awareness of illness and the promotion of healthy habits from Primary Care and the school and institutional context.

Objetivo: Comparar los niveles de actividad física y sedentarismo en niños con obesidad y normopeso, y analizar el nivel de actividad física del cuidador principal junto con el ambiente familiar.Diseño: Estudio caso-control.Emplazamiento: Un centro de salud y colegios de la Comunidad de Madrid.Participantes: Un total de 50 niños con obesidad entre 8 y 12 años (GO; P > 97) y sus madres,fueron emparejados por edad, sexo y estatus socioeconómico de sus padres (1:1) con 50 niños con normopeso (GN; P < 85).Mediciones principales: Los niveles de actividad física se midieron por acelerometría (Acti-Graph GT3X), la actividad física del cuidador principal con el cuestionario de actividad física(IPAQ) y el ambiente con el cuestionario de ambiente familiar (HES-S).Resultados: El grupo GO presentó menos actividad física de tipo vigoroso al compararse con el grupo GN. La actividad física vigorosa en el GO se asoció al modelado y las políticas parentales respecto a la actividad física. Un análisis de regresión múltiple muestra que el 21% de la varianza del estatus de peso de los niños se explicaba por la actividad física vigorosa y el índice de masa corporal materno.