Protein kinase C δ regulates the depletion of actin at the immunological synapse required for polarized exosome secretion by T cells

Abstract

Multivesicular bodies (MVB) are endocytic compartments that enclose intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) formed by inward budding from the limiting membrane of endosomes. In T lymphocytes, ILVs are secreted as Fas ligand-bearing, pro-apoptotic exosomes following T cell receptor (TCR)-induced fusion of MVB with the plasma membrane at the immune synapse (IS). In this study we show that protein kinase C δ (PKC δ ), a novel PKC isotype activated by diacylglycerol (DAG), regulates TCR-controlled MVB polarization toward the IS and exosome secretion. Concomitantly, we demonstrate that PKC δ -interfered T lymphocytes are defective in activation-induced cell death. Using a DAG sensor based on the C1 DAG-binding domain of PKC δ and a GFP-PKC δ chimera, we reveal that T lymphocyte activation enhances DAG levels at the MVB endomembranes which mediates the association of PKC δ to MVB. Spatiotemporal reorganization of F-actin at the IS is inhibited in PKC δ -interfered T lymphocytes. Therefore, we propose PKC δ as a DAG effector that regulates the actin reorganization necessary for MVB traffic and exosome secretion.