Associations between witnessing and perpetrating online hate in eight countries: The buffering effects of problem-focused coping
Entity
UAM. Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la SaludPublisher
MDPI, Basel, SwitzerlandDate
2019-10-18Citation
10.3390/ijerph16203992
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16 (2019): 3992
ISSN
1661-7827 (print); 1660-4601 (online)DOI
10.3390/ijerph16203992Funded by
We acknowledge the support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of University of PotsdamEditor's Version
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203992Subjects
Online hate; Hate speech; Bystander; Perpetrator; Coping strategies; Cyber aggression; PsicologíaRights
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, SwitzerlandAbstract
Online hate is a topic that has received considerable interest lately, as online hate represents
a risk to self-determination and peaceful coexistence in societies around the globe. However, not much
is known about the explanations for adolescents posting or forwarding hateful online material or
how adolescents cope with this newly emerging online risk. Thus, we sought to better understand
the relationship between a bystander to and perpetrator of online hate, and the moderating e ects
of problem-focused coping strategies (e.g., assertive, technical coping) within this relationship.
Self-report questionnaires on witnessing and committing online hate and assertive and technical
coping were completed by 6829 adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age from eight countries.
The results showed that increases in witnessing online hate were positively related to being a
perpetrator of online hate. Assertive and technical coping strategies were negatively related with
perpetrating online hate. Bystanders of online hate reported fewer instances of perpetrating online
hate when they reported higher levels of assertive and technical coping strategies, and more frequent
instances of perpetrating online hate when they reported lower levels of assertive and technical
coping strategies. In conclusion, our findings suggest that, if e ective, prevention and intervention
programs that target online hate should consider educating young people about problem-focused
coping strategies, self-assertiveness, and media skills. Implications for future research are discussed
Files in this item

Google Scholar:Wachs, Sebastian
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Wright, Michelle F.
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Sittichai, Ruthaychonnee
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Singh, Ritu
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Biswal, Ramakrishna
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Kim, Eun-mee
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Yang, Soeun
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Gámez-Guadix, Manuel
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Almendros, Carmen
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Flora, Katerina
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Daskalou, Vassiliki
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Maziridou, Evdoxia
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