Cultural and creative ecosystems in medium-sized cities: Evolution in times of economic crisis and pandemic
Entidad
UAM. Departamento de GeografíaEditor
MDPI, Basel, SwitzerlandFecha de edición
2020-12-23Cita
10.3390/su13010049
Sustainability 13.1 (2020): 49
ISSN
2071-1050DOI
10.3390/su13010049Financiado por
This research forms part the competitive project “Culture and territory in Spain: Processes and impacts in small and medium-sized cities” (references CSO2017-83603-C2-1-R and CSO2017-83603-C2-2-R), financed by the State Research Program “Development and Innovation Oriented to the Challenges of Society” of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, within the framework of the State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation, 2013-2016. In addition, the work has had a grant for the publication of the Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales, University of Zaragoza, in its 2020 callProyecto
Gobierno de España. CSO2017-83603-C2-1-R; Gobierno de España. CSO2017-83603-C2-2-RVersión del editor
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010049Materias
COVID-19; Creative ecosystem; Cultural ecosystems; Economic crisis; Medium-sized cities; Pandemic; Spain; GeografíaDerechos
© 2021 The authorsResumen
This article seeks to forecast the short-and medium-term impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on the cultural and creative ecosystems of the 81 cities in Spain with between 50,000 and 100,000 inhabitants. Data on employment in nine sectors (per NACE Rev. 2) support the characterization of cultural ecosystems based on their dynamism, specialization, and propensity to form clusters (thanks to the co-location of certain sectors, meant to generate inter-sectoral spillovers and cross-sector synergies). The applied methodology consists of comparing these three attributes during and following the 2008 financial crisis. Then, any changes observed are interpreted in light of arguments from the COVID-19 literature, and from our own analysis, in order to assess the probability of recurrence (or nonrecurrence) during the current pandemic. Throughout this process, the metropolitan or non-metropolitan position of cities is taken into consideration. A first conclusion is that, as in the financial crisis, the behavior of ecosystems during the pandemic will be asymmetric. Secondly, metropolitan and non-metropolitan cities will maintain their distinctive sectoral specializations. Non-metropolitan cities appear to be more vulnerable for their strong connection to creative sectors most affected by the pandemic, although some can take advantage of good cultural supply and proximity to metropolitan centers. Metropolitan cities seem more secure, thanks to the higher presence of less vulnerable sectors (due to elevated and accelerating digitization). Nevertheless, most functional clusters were diminished during the financial crisis, and it seems unlikely that sectoral co-locations will re-emerge in a post-pandemic scenario as a business strategy, at least in the short term. Beyond these forecasts, we recommend dealing with certain structural failures of these ecosystems, especially the vulnerability and precariousness of most cultural and creative companies and workers.
Lista de ficheros
Google Scholar:Escalona-Orcao, Ana
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Barrado Timón, Diego Antonio
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Escolano-Utrilla, Severino
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Sánchez-Valverde, Belén
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Navarro-Pérez, Maricruz
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Pinillos-García, Mariola
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Sáez-Pérez, Luis Antonio
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