Changes in depression and suicidal ideation under severe lockdown restrictions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a longitudinal study in the general population
Title (trans.)
Cambios en la depresión y la ideación suicida bajo severas restricciones de confinamiento durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19 en España: un estudio longitudinal en población generalEntity
UAM. Departamento de Pedagogía; UAM. Departamento de PsiquiatríaPublisher
Cambridge University PressDate
2021-06-02Citation
10.1017/S2045796021000408
Epidemiology And Psychiatric Sciences 30 (2021): e49
ISSN
2045-7960; 2045-7979DOI
10.1017/S2045796021000408Funded by
E. L.’s work is supported by the Sara Borrell postdoctoral programme (CD18/00099) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) and co-funded by European Union (ERDF/ESF, ‘Investing in your future’). The authors sincerely appreciate the generous contribution of all the participants, which made this work possible. This work was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (J. L. A. M., grant numbers PI16/00218 and PI19/00150), (J. M. H., grantnumber PI16/01073 and PI19/00088), (M. M., grant number PI19/00235), (B. O., gran number PI19/00103), the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 under Grant Agreement No 101016127Project
Gobierno de España PI16/00218; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/CD18/00099; Gobierno de España PI19/00150; Gobierno de España PI16/01073; Gobierno de España PI19/00088; Gobierno de España PI19/00235; Gobierno de España PI19/00103; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/101016127Editor's Version
https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796021000408Subjects
Depression; population survey; risk factors; suicide; Educación; MedicinaNote
Hay una corrección posterior a este artículo disponible en http://hdl.handle.net/10486/709136Rights
© The Author(s), 2021Abstract
Aims. To assess whether there is a change in the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation after the strict lockdown measures due to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in
Spain; and to assess which are the factors associated with the incidence of a depressive episode
or suicidal ideation during the lockdown.
Methods. Data from a longitudinal adult population-based cohort from the provinces of
Madrid and Barcelona were analysed (n = 1103). Structured face-to-face home-based interviews (pre-pandemic) and telephone interviews were performed. Both depression and suicidal
ideation were assessed through an adaptation of the Composite International Diagnostic
Interview (CIDI 3.0). A variety of validated instruments and sociodemographic variables
including age, sex, educational level, occupational status, home quietness, screen time,
resilience, loneliness, social support, physical activity, disability, economic situation and
COVID-19-related information were also considered. Population prevalence estimates and
multivariable logistic regressions were computed.
Results. Overall, prevalence rates of depression and suicidal ideation did not change significantly from before to after the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the rates of depression among
individuals aged 50+ years showed a significant decrease compared to before the pandemic
(from 8.48 to 6.41%; p = 0.01). Younger individuals (odds ratio (OR) = 0.97 per year older;
95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95–0.99) and those feeling loneliness (OR = 1.96; 95% CI
= 1.42–2.70) during the lockdown were at an increased risk of developing depression during
the confinement. Resilience showed a protective effect against the risk of depression (OR =
0.46; 95% CI = 0.32–0.66) and suicidal ideation (OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.16–0.68), whereas
individuals perceiving social support were at a lower risk of developing suicidal thoughts
(OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.18–0.69).
Conclusions. Continuous reinforcement of mental health preventive and intervening
measures during and in the aftermath of the crisis is of global importance, particularly
among vulnerable groups who are experiencing the most distress. Future research should
strive to evaluate the long-term effects of the COVID-19 crisis on mental health.
Files in this item
Google Scholar:Ayuso Mateos, José Luis
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Morillo Cuadrado, Daniel Vicente
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Haro, Josep Maria
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Olaya, Beatriz
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Lara, Elvira
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Miret García, Marta
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