Updating the national baseline of non-indigenous species in Spanish marine waters
Author
Png-Gonzalez, Lydia; Comas-González, Robert; Calvo-Manazza, Matías; Follana-Berná, Guillermo; Ballesteros, Enric; Díaz-Tapia, Pilar; Falcón, Jesús M.; García Raso, J. Enrique; Gofas, Serge; González-Porto, Marcos; López García, Eduardo; Ramos Esplá, Alfonso Angel; Velasco, Eva; Carbonell, AinaEntity
UAM. Departamento de BiologíaPublisher
MDPIDate
2023-05-01Citation
10.3390/d15050630
Diversity 15.5 (2023): 630
ISSN
1424-2818 (online)DOI
10.3390/d15050630Funded by
This research was funded by Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, grant number 11_MM_ESMARES2. The APC was funded by the ESMARES2-C3 projectEditor's Version
https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050630Subjects
Mediterranean Sea; Introduced Species; Environmental Protection; Marine Environment; Bay of Biscay; Canary Islands; Spain; Biología y Biomedicina / BiologíaRights
© 2023 by the authorsAbstract
The introduction of new non-indigenous species (NIS) in Spanish marine waters is addressed under Descriptor 2 of the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive. National baseline inventories of NIS have been compiled and updated for the three subregions (Western Mediterranean Sea, WMED; Bay of Biscay–Iberian Coast, ABI; Macaronesia, AMA) with data from 1800 to 2021. An overall of 574 species were identified with an alien, cryptogenic, crypto-expanding, or debatable status, mostly invertebrates (~65%) and primary producers (~22%). Of 412 alien species, 80.51% were reported in ABI, 67.82% in WMED, and 66.67% in AMA. Cryptogenic species are more abundant in the WMED (25.25%), compared to AMA (19.77%) and ABI (18.46%). ABI harbors more established species (62.56%) than AMA (45.2%) and WMED (43.56%), contrary to casual records (AMA 31.64%, WMED 23.76%, ABI 13.85%). Invasive species are more abundant (14.36%) in WMED. The ‘transport-stowaway’ pathway accounted for 142 (79.33%), 123 (67.58%), and 169 (85.21%) records in WMED, ABI, and AMA, respectively. The second most common pathway was ‘transport-contaminant’ related to mariculture (~10% of the total), prevalently in ABI with 42 species (23.08%). The Canary Islands stand out for species introduced through oil platforms from throughout the world. ‘Unaided’ was a relevant pathway of secondary introduction into the WMED, particularly of Lessepsian species progressing westwards. Temporal trends in newly introduced species show similar behavior among subregions
Files in this item
Google Scholar:Png-Gonzalez, Lydia
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Comas-González, Robert
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Calvo-Manazza, Matías
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Follana-Berná, Guillermo
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Ballesteros, Enric
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Díaz-Tapia, Pilar
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Falcón, Jesús M.
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García Raso, J. Enrique
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Gofas, Serge
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González-Porto, Marcos
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López García, Eduardo
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Ramos Esplá, Alfonso Angel
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Velasco, Eva
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Carbonell, Aina
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