Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and plasma biomarkers for cocaine addiction in abstinent cocaine-addicted subjects in outpatient settings
Author
Pedraz, María; Araos, Pedro; García-Marchena, Nuria; Serrano, Antonia; Romero-Sanchiz, Pablo; Suárez, Juan; Castilla-Ortega, Estela; Mayoral-Cleries, Fermín; Ruiz, Juan Jesús; Pastor, Antoni; Barrios, Vicente; Chowen, Julie Ann; Argente Oliver, Jesús; Torrens, Marta; Torre, Rafael de la; Rodríguez De Fonseca, Fernando; Pavón, Francisco JavierEntity
UAM. Departamento de PediatríaPublisher
Frontiers MediaDate
2015-01-01Citation
10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00017
Frontiers in Psychiatry 6.FEB. (2015): Article17
ISSN
1664-0640)DOI
10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00017Funded by
The present study has been supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISC-III), Red de Trastornos Adictivos UE-FEDER 2012 (RD 12/0028); Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad PI13/02261); Plan Nacional sobre Drogas 049/2009 and 049/2013; Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucía UE-FEDER (CTS-433); Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social, Junta Andalucía (PI0228-2013 and PI0823- 2012); Departament d’Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya (2014-SGR-680). JS, AS,and FJP hold a “Miguel Servet” research contract from ISC-III(CP12/03109, CP14/00173, and CP14/00212, respectively). PRS holds a “Río Hortega” research contract from ISC-III (CM13/0115). ECO holds a “Sara Borrell” research contract from ISC-III (CD12/00455).Project
Gobierno de España. PI13/02261Editor's Version
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00017Subjects
Abstinence; Cocaine use disorders; Psychiatric comorbidity; Cytokine; Endocannabinoid; Sex; Outpatient; Biomarker; MedicinaAbstract
There are sex differences in the progression of drug addiction, relapse, and response to
therapies. Because biological factors participate in these differences, they should be considered
when using biomarkers for addiction. In the current study, we evaluated the sex
differences in psychiatric comorbidity and the concentrations of plasma mediators that have
been reported to be affected by cocaine. Fifty-five abstinent cocaine-addicted subjects diagnosed
with lifetime cocaine use disorders (40 men and 15 women) and 73 healthy controls
(48 men and 25 women) were clinically assessed with the diagnostic interview “Psychiatric
Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders.” Plasma concentrations of
chemokines, cytokines, N-acyl-ethanolamines, and 2-acyl-glycerols were analyzed according
to history of cocaine addiction and sex, controlling for covariates age and body mass
index (BMI). Relationships between these concentrations and variables related to cocaine
addiction were also analyzed in addicted subjects. The results showed that the concentrations
of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2/monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) and
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12/stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12/SDF-1) were only
affected by history of cocaine addiction. The plasma concentrations of interleukin 1-beta
(IL-1b), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa)were affected by history of cocaine
addiction and sex. In fact, whereas cytokine concentrations were higher in control women
relative to men, these concentrations were reduced in cocaine-addicted women without
changes in addicted men. Regarding fatty acid derivatives, history of cocaine addiction had
a main effect on the concentration of each acyl derivative, whereas N-acyl-ethanolamines
were increased overall in the cocaine group, 2-acyl-glycerolswere decreased. Interestingly,
N-palmitoleoyl-ethanolamine (POEA) was only increased in cocaine-addicted women. The
covariate BMI had a significant effect on POEA and N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine concentrations.
Regarding psychiatric comorbidity in the cocaine group, women had lower
incidence rates of comorbid substance use disorders than did men. For example, alcohol
use disorders were found in 80% of men and 40% of women. In contrast, the
addicted women had increased prevalences of comorbid psychiatric disorders (i.e., mood,
anxiety, and psychosis disorders). Additionally, cocaine-addicted subjects showed a relationship
between the concentrations of N-stearoyl-ethanolamine and 2-linoleoyl-glycerol
and diagnosis of psychiatric comorbidity.These results demonstrate the existence of a sex
influence on plasma biomarkers for cocaine addiction and on the presence of comorbid
psychopathologies for clinical purposes
Files in this item
Google Scholar:Pedraz, María
-
Araos, Pedro
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García-Marchena, Nuria
-
Serrano, Antonia
-
Romero-Sanchiz, Pablo
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Suárez, Juan
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Castilla-Ortega, Estela
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Mayoral-Cleries, Fermín
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Ruiz, Juan Jesús
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Pastor, Antoni
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Barrios, Vicente
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Chowen, Julie Ann
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Argente Oliver, Jesús
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Torrens, Marta
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Torre, Rafael de la
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Rodríguez De Fonseca, Fernando
-
Pavón, Francisco Javier
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